simplified Chinese: 范 阳 traditional Chinese: 范 陽 pinyin: Fànyáng Wade–Giles: Fan-yang.Chinese: 幽 州 pinyin: Yōuzhōu Wade–Giles: Yu-chou.During the Tianbao Era of Emperor Xuanzong, however, You Prefecture was renamed Fanyang Commandery, and the name Fanyang became associated with the city as well. Youzhou and Fanyang: Under the Tang Dynasty, being the seat of the You Prefecture, the city generally employed Youzhou as its name.simplified Chinese: 广 阳 郡 traditional Chinese: 廣 陽 郡 pinyin: Guǎngyángjùn Wade–Giles: Kuang-yang Chün.Guangyang: After the Qin conquest, Ji was made the capital of the Guangyang Commandery.Yan: Chinese: 燕 pinyin: Yān Wade–Giles: Yen.The Khitans of the 10th- to 12th-century Liao Dynasty fully restored the name Yanjing, and it remains a name for Beijing in literary usage today, as reflected in the locally brewed Yanjing Beer and the former Yenching University (since merged into Peking University). The name was employed in the titles of An Lushan (as Emperor of Yan), Liu Rengong (as King of Yan), and the Princes of Yan. Although the official name remained as Ji, the city also became known as Yan and Yanjing ("Capital of Yan"). Yan: Ji was conquered by Yan around the 7th century BC but was employed as its conqueror's new capital.
Jixian: simplified Chinese: 蓟县 traditional Chinese: 薊縣 pinyin: Jìxiàn Wade–Giles: Chi-hsien lit.Jicheng: Chinese: 薊 城 pinyin: Jìchéng Wade–Giles: Chi-cheng lit.Ji: simplified Chinese: 蓟 traditional Chinese: 薊 pinyin: Jì Wade–Giles: Chi.
It was located in the current city's Guang'anmen neighborhood south of the Beijing West railway station. The settlement was also known as Jicheng. Ji: The first major known settlement was the eponymous capital of the ancient Ji state between the 11th and 7th centuries BC.The chronological list below sets out both the names of the city itself, and, in earlier times, the names of the administrative entities covering the city today. Provisional Government of the Republic of ChinaĮntrance to the Beiping Municipal Government office, 1935 Historical names of Beijing Historical Names of Beijing "Peking" is still employed in terms such as " Pekingese", " Peking duck", " Peking Man" and various others, as well as being retained in the name of Peking University. Elsewhere in the Anglosphere, the BBC switched in 1990. The New York Times adopted "Beijing" in 1986, with all major US media soon following. īeginning in 1979, the Chinese government encouraged use of pinyin romanisation system. In English, both "Pekin" and "Peking" remained common until the 1890s, when the Imperial Post Office adopted Peking. As with many other long-established Chinese names and terms, "Peking" came from those languages rather than Mandarin, the native areas of which were long inaccessible to westerners. In Cantonese, 北京 (Běijīng) is bak1 ging1, and in Southern Min Chinese, it's Pak-kiaⁿ. In 1665, Martini's work was reissued as part of Atlas Maior (great atlas), a much-praised atlas by Dutch publisher Joan Blaeu.īefore 1842's Treaty of Nanking, the only Chinese port cities open for trade with western countries were Canton (廣州 Guǎngzhōu), Amoy (廈門 Xiàmén) and Chusan (舟山 Zhōushān) wherein the predominant spoken languages were Cantonese or Min Chinese. Jesuit missionary Martino Martini used "Peking" in De bello Tartarico historia (The Tartary War) (1654) and Novus Atlas Sinensis (New Atlas of China) (1655). It transferred to English as "Pekin" and to French as Pékin. This name appeared in the letters of Francis Xavier in 1552. In Portuguese, the city is called Pequim. Portugal was the first European country to contact China in modern times.
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